Safeguarding of Cultural Property: A Dual Safeguarding System in Times of War

Abstract

The safeguarding of cultural property during armed conflicts demonstrates the development of international humanitarian law (IHL) in keeping pace with the realities of military operations. It also reflects the growing international commitment to protecting cultural property through the significant efforts undertaken by the United Nations.

Armed conflicts are often characterized by the destruction and looting of cultural property, as well as its illicit trafficking. In response, the international community has intensified its efforts to combat these crimes, culminating in international criminal prosecutions of those responsible. Despite these developments, imposing the obligation to safeguard cultural property on belligerents remains a significant challenge for several reasons.