Study of Superconductivity and Its Technological Applications

Abstract

Superconductivity is one of the most remarkable phenomena in modern physics, characterized by the complete disappearance of electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields from certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature. Since its discovery by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911, superconductivity has attracted significant scientific and technological interest due to its unique electrical and magnetic properties. The phenomenon enables the transmission of electric current without energy loss, making it highly valuable for a wide range of advanced technological applications. The study of superconductivity is rooted in quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics. Conventional superconductors are explained by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, which describes the formation of Cooper pairs and their role in achieving a resistance-free state. The discovery of high-temperature superconductors further expanded the field by allowing superconductivity to occur at comparatively higher temperatures, opening new possibilities for practical applications and commercial implementation.