Military Reform in the Ottoman Empire during the Reign of Sultan Selim III (1789-1807)

Abstract

During its later period, the Ottoman Empire experienced decline in several fields. The military sphere was the most important because it formed the backbone of the state. The government therefore adopted reform as a means of restoring its strength. Sultan Selim III was among the most prominent reformers. He confronted major obstacles and sought a comprehensive reorganization of the military establishment. He also created new units known as the Nizam-i Cedid, or New Order. Selim III devoted much of his reign to building a strong and cohesive army. He introduced reforms in military organization and combat training. He also sought to modernize weapons and artillery so that they could meet the requirements of the nineteenth century. These measures marked an important beginning of effective Ottoman military reform. They were later expanded under Sultan Mahmud II, who benefited from Selim III's experience and continued his reformist project.